article{osti_, title = {Comparison of coal liquefaction processes. Final report on Task 006}, author = {Rogers, K A and Wilk, A S and McBeath, B C and Hill, R F}, abstractNote = {Five processes were studied to determine which could give best results for supplying hydrocarbon fuels to replace petroleum products. The processes were FischerTropsch; MGasoline; HCoal; Exxon Donor Solvent ...
The rerun HCoal atmospheric still bottoms (Hcoal gas oil) were used to evaluate the relative hydrogenation activity of three UOP commercial catalysts. The UOPDCB catalyst, which was found to have the highest hydrogenation activity, was employed in the HCoal gas oil hydrotreating process more » variable studies.
These include two solvent refined coal processes (SRCI and II), Hcoal (a catalytic liquefaction process) and Exxon donor solvent (EDS). The DOE health and environmental research program includes shortterm screening of coalderived materials for possible health and environmental effects. Longerterm assays are used to evaluate materials ...
The HCoal processes: A status report A catalytic process (HCoal) involving the direct hydrogenation of coal to produce hydrocarbon liquids is described. Benchscale and pilot plant development of the HCoal process is reported. Emphasis is placed on a proposed pilot plant which will be the largest coal liquefaction plant online in the, processing up to 600 tpd of coal.
The Hcoal process demonstration unit run (PDU9) was carried out by Hydrocarbon Research, Inc., at Lawrenceville, The run included a 2day startup period with catalyst and creosote oil solvent, followed by 2 days with Kentucky 11 coal. On the fifth day, 6o tagged catalyst was added to the reactor.
The HCoal Process The HCoal process liquifies coal to either boiler fuel or synthetic crude in the presence of an added particulate catalyst. To produce synthetic crude instead of boiler fuel, more hydrogen is added to the slurry and reactor residence times are increased. It was developed by Hydrocarbon Research, Inc. (HRI) and was selected ...
This report presents the results of a technical and economic evaluation of the HCoal process and the coaltomethanol process for the production of liquid fuels from coal. Evaluations are based on capital cost estimates, in mid1982 dollars, for commercial size, selfcontained plants with a nominal liquid product capacity of 50,000 fuel oil ...
The HCoal process catalytically converts coal to oil in an ebulated bed reactor. The 3 ton per day PDU was operated to demonstrate: (a) heavy boiler fuel oil mode operation, (b) operation at commercial reactor gas velocities, and (c) operation with high residum concentration in the reactor. Solid liquid separation was demonstrated by ...
HCoal Syncrude product streams, prepared from Illinois No. 6, Wyodak, or West Kentucky No. 11 coal were obtained from the HCoal Process Development Unit (PDU) and analyzed for physical properties, elemental compositions, trace metal levels, and molecular composition. The trace metal levels are generally low in all except the heavy fuel oils.
The HCoal process generated coal derived liquids in which exposures to polynuclear aromatics (PNA) were a hazard at most phases. Other hazards were coal dust, fire, noise, aromatic amines, ammonia (), hydrogensulfide (), phenols, benzene (71432), toluene (108883), xylene (), and hydrocarbons. ...
After decades of research, the Bergius process, SRCI, SRCII, costeam process, and Hcoal process have proven to be efficient and costeffective to produce synfuel from direct liquefaction [16]. The main difference between SRCI, SRCII, and Hcoal is the addition of hydrogen and catalysts during the liquefaction phases.
Axens's HCoal process is also a twostage process (two catalytic reactors). Generally, the ICL process produces highcetane diesel and lowoctane naptha; the DCL process produces onspec diesel and highoctane naptha. (Headwaters points out the hybrid DCL/ICL process can produce premium gasoline and diesel fuel with minimal refining.)
The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction Commercial Development Historical Background 2. Indirect Coal Liquefaction Preparation of Synthesis Gas Co...
The fluid dynamics occurring in HRI's Hcoal process development unit coal liquefaction reactor during Run PDU10 were measured and compared with Amoco Oil coldflow fluidization results. It was found that catalyst bed expansions and gas holdups are higher in the PDU than those observed in the coldflow tests for slurries having the same ...
The Energy Environmental Research Center (EERC) conducted a laboratoryscale coalderived graphene (CDG) project focused on developing a technological process for making graphene from four domestic coal or coal wastes, including lignite from North Dakota, subbituminous coal from Wyoming, bituminous coal from Utah, and anthracite from Pennsylvania.
This report presents the results of a technical and economic evaluation of the HCoal process and the coaltomethanol process for the production of liquid fuels from coal. Evaluations are based on capital cost estimates, in mid1982 dollars, for commercial size, selfcontained plants with a nominal liquid product capacity of 50,000 fuel oil ...
HCoal process, developed by Hydrocarbon Research, Inc., in 1963, mixes pulverized coal with recycled liquids, hydrogen and catalyst in the ebullated bed reactor. Advantages of this process are that dissolution and oil upgrading are taking place in the single reactor, products have high H/C ratio, and a fast reaction time, while the main ...
HCoal process of coal to oil through direct catalytic liquid phase hydrogenation is the In the final vacuum tower, operate the tower at proper only process which has been commercialised (2). For vacuum level in order to have that amount of liquid so that instance, a plant has been constructed in Mongolia (China) the slurry containing all the ...
The most important process of this group is the HCoal process, developed by Hydrocarbon Research, Inc. (HRI) as an outgrowth of previous work on the hydrogenation of petroleum fractions. The development of this process was sponsored by ERDA/US DOE and a large group of oil companies (DOE, 2015b; Xinjua News, 2014). Very few DCL programs were ...
The HCoal process catalytically converts coal to oil in an ebulated bed reactor. The 3 ton per day PDU was operated to demonstrate: (a) heavy boiler fuel oil mode operation, (b) operation at commercial reactor gas velocities, and (c) operation with high residum concentration in the reactor. Solid liquid separation was demonstrated by ...
The present data reveal that coalderived distillates generated by the Hcoal process are highly carcinogenic to mouse skin. An extreme form of neurotoxicity associated with dermal exposure to one of the lighter, minimally carcinogenic, materials was noted.
HCoal Processes. In the HCoal process, pulverized coal is slurried with recycled oil and, along with hydrogen, fed into an ebullatedbed reactor, a feature that distinguishes this process from others. Reactor conditions are normally in the range of 825 to 875°F and 2,500 to 3,500 psig. The reactor contains a bed of catalytic particles ...
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